A

ACT

Accrual [of Patients] to Clinical Trials; NCATS-funded consortium of CTSA hubs that incorporates SHRINE instances across the USA; superseded by ENACT

AMIA

American Medical Informatics Association (amia.org)

Apache

web server software for hosting the i2b2 webclient (user interface) on Linux; may be deployed on the same host as the Wildfly server

C

category

also called "domain"; a kind of data in clinical research informatics; diagnoses, procedures, medications, lab tests, and demographics are examples of categories in the i2b2 ontology

CDM

Common Data Model; see i2b2/tranSMART CDM and OMOP CDM

CMS

US Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services; authors of SynPUF CDM

coding scheme

a way of coding "concepts" in clinical research informatics; various terminology standards define coding schemes; for instance, the Common Procedural Terminology standard uses the CPT-4 coding scheme, which assigns a 5-digit number to each "procedure" in its taxonomy (e.g., CPT4:42810)

concept

a concept in the i2b2 ontology is an item in the taxonomy or list of terms describing clinical research informatics; a diagnosis of diabetes, a tonsillectomy procedure, a prescription of aspirin, the patient's age, and hemoglobin A1C blood test results are all concepts in the i2b2 ontology

CRI

Clinical Research Informatics

CTSA

Clinical and Translational Science Award from the NIH

D

de-identified data

over 18 different types of personal data must be removed from patient records to qualify as “de-identified” data; not generally useful for research; NOT the same as "limited-data-set data"

DHHS

Department of Health and Human Services (Federal); also HHS

Docker

a software program that emulates a virtual machine; a Docker "image" of the i2b2 core server is available for testing and/or exploring i2b2; Docker allows i2b2 to be run in a sheltered environment on a non-production host; it is not recommended for production use

E

EHR

Electronic Health Records (also EMR)

EMR

Electronic Medical Records (also EHR)

ENACT

Evolve to Next-gen ACT; successor project to ACT

ETL

extract, transform, load (database conversion); the primary ETL for i2b2 is in the conversion of EHR/EMR to the CRC database (CDM)

F

FHIR

Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources, interoperability standard from HL7 (say “fire”)

G

GIS

Geographic Information Services

H

HIPAA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, 1996, allows people to transfer their health insurance from one employer to another; includes privacy and security standards (say "hipp-uh")

HHS

US Dept. of Health and Human Services

HL7

Health Level Seven International, an ANSI-accredited standards-developing non-profit organization, since 1987 (www.hl7.org); author of FHIR

I

i2b2

Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2.org)

i2b2/tranSMART CDM

The i2b2/tranSMART common data model is the primary patient data model used in i2b2 and tranSMART. It consists of a "star schema": one table for the multitude of patient-related observations, supported by "dimension" tables for patient demographics, encounter data, provider data, etc.

IIS

web server software for hosting the i2b2 webclient (user interface) on Windows; may be deployed on the same host as the Wildfly server

image

a copy of the i2b2 core software that is packaged for use in a Docker container

IRB

Institutional Review Board (required anytime human subjects are part of the research)

J

JBoss

former name of the Wildfly server software

JDK

Java Development Kit; a version of Java that includes the Java compiler and support libraries; required for i2b2; not the same as the JRE

JRE

Java Runtime Environment; a version of Java that does not include the Java compiler nor related support libraries; not used in i2b2

L

LDS

see limited data set

limited data set

PHI which excludes direct identifiers of the patient, their family, employer, etc.  May include city, state, ZIP code, general geographic info, DOB, DOD, age in years, months, days, or hours.  Still protected under HIPAA.  This is NOT the same as de-identified data; some could say it is only "partially" de-identified.  It may NOT include name, address, phone, email, SSN, MRN, insurance ID, account #’s, license #’s, vehicle IDs, device IDs, URLs, IP addresses, biometric IDs, photos, etc.

N

NCATS

National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, part of the NIH

NCBC

National Center for Biomedical Computing

NIH

National Institutes of Health, under DHHS

NPO

non-profit organization

O

OCR

HHS Office for Civil Rights, investigates HIPAA violations

OHDSI

Observational Health Data Science and Informatics (ohdsi.org) (say “odyssey”), successor to OMOP (est. 2014)

OMOP

Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (2009–2014) (omop.org), succeeded by OHDSI (say “oh-mop”)

OMOP CDM

The OMOP common data model is used by many institutions for research. It can be used in the i2b2 CRC database for recording patient data. Many institutions prefer this format over the i2b2 CDM because it more readily supports research outside of i2b2.

Oracle

relational database management system supported by i2b2

P

PHI

protected health information

Postgres / PostgreSQL

relational database management system supported by i2b2

R

REDCap

Research Electronic Data Capture (projectredcap.org), provided by Vanderbilt University free to NPO’s for conducting research

S

SHRINE

Shared Health Research Information NEtwork. (catalyst.harvard.edu/services/shrine/).  Application/webapp for querying patient data, a client of i2b2; returns results from multiple institutions (e.g., the EnACT Network).   Consists of 3 web apps:  Data Steward, Webclient, and Dashboard.

SQL

Structured Query Language; used in the relational databases supported by i2b2; example test queries are written in SQL

SQL Server

relational database management system supported by i2b2

SynPUF CDM

Synthetic Public Use Files; a demonstration/development/test patient database consisting of Medicare claim information; not for research use

T

taxonomy

hierarchical arrangement of concepts such that each concept is a "child" of a more inclusive "parent" concept

terminology

a glossary or collection of terms to describe a category or domain; the concepts in the Common Procedural Terminology (CPT) define a terminology for clinical procedures

Tomcat

web server software for hosting Java-based applications; in the world of i2b2, Tomcat is used to host SHRINE applications

tranSMART

software related to i2b2, used for translational studies; incorporates i2b2 CDM, but includes additional databases for genomics, etc. (i2b2.org)

TriNetX

multi-institution research network, similar to i2b2+SHRINE

V

vocabulary

similar to terminology; each coding standard periodically publishes a revision of its vocabulary, which defines all the terms which should be in current use in the i2b2 ontology

W

Wildfly

web server software for hosting Java-based applications; in the world of i2b2, Wildfly is used to host the i2b2 core software